It is the day of return in which all the displaced and immigrant want to return to their city, as the number of the displaced from Mosul amounted about one million displaced people, but the return of this huge number of the displaced must be preceded by a large process of reconstruction thoughtfully so that the return of the displaced to the city must be done in a regular way.
Recall that the process of reconstruction is greater than building bridges, tunnels, roads and infrastructure, it is the reconstruction of a man by all standards.
And the implementation of the strategic plan developed by the government will be started through the cell of the management of civil crisis , for the reconstruction of Mosul as a priority, as revealed by the Secretary – General of the Iraqi Council of Ministers Mehdi al-Alak to the media and the Ministry of Planning announced about a plan for the reconstruction of the liberated areas, costing Iraq nearly $ 100 billion, and lasts for 10 Years
As a part of a long – term project, and the first phase of which begins in 2018 and will continue until the year 2022, then, the final phase starts from 2023 until 2028.
The reason given the priority to Mosul in the strategic reconstruction plan due to the “enormous damage caused to it by the fighting”, which was confirmed by the representative of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in Iraq,”The scale of the destruction witnessed in Mosul, is one of the worst developments in the campaign to liberate the city “.
Financing the reconstruction by borrowing from the World Bank is a main option, according to Iraqi officials, as the Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al – Abadi discussed on the last May with the World Bank the process of the reconstruction in the liberated areas, which showed a willingness to invest in the reconstruction of Mosul. ”
Te most important of these files is the reconstruction of the destroyed city, in the full sense of this concept that it is not dependent on the economic aspect alone such as the rehabilitation of the production sectors of agriculture , industry and services , and does not mean the reconstruction of road networks , bridges, and tunnels , which suffered extensive destruction and networks of water and electricity and others , but it takes care of the man who is the most affected by this conflict, the wounded and the family of the dead , the refugee , the displaced , and the detainee as it is enough to say that the country has lost between 20-25 thousands dead in the last three years in addition to the loss of thousands of specialized cadres ranging between the wounded , detainee and the displaced .
Many countries of the world have gone through wars and conflicts, but in the end they have organized a large process of rebuilding the country in accordance with specific mechanism that is shared by the major countries in the world .It is a sensitive stage in the history of peoples and communities of conflict and afflicted areas aims to the reconstruction and the return of people to their places which represent for them memories of the past and the pain of the present and the hope for future where the formation of the appropriate residential environment .
We must benefit from the experiences of other countries to identify errors and defects and correct it in the reconstruction, and there are many international experiences in this field , such as the experience of the reconstruction of Germany after World War II, and the experience of Rwanda, in Africa; Rwanda has been subjected to one of the most serious conflicts of ethnic cleansing in the modern times and the genocide in it was one of the worst cases of human violence in the history of the world where nearly 800,000 people were killed in nearly 100 days, but managed to recover from this ordeal and achieve stability and economic growth; the average income doubled three times during the ten years .
The conflict is the most important obstacle in the path of peace and development. It undermines economic development by draining the material and human resources that could have been exploited in the productive and positive development of society, leading to capital flight in response to high risk.
And leading also to the deterioration of the health status of individuals, and the spread of epidemics and diseases, in addition to the low standards of living, and the spread of waves of the forced migration from areas of conflict.
The weaker the authority of the state and the army, the order and the law of the country, the more crime and violence threatening both national and regional stability .
Proposed solutions:
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• Conducting an a accurate census of the city of Mosul to determine the composition of the population, the qualitative composition of the population noting that the availability of statistical database is an important and a key factor for the process of economic and social and urban development, , so that we can know the size of the population, qualitative composition, economic structure and knowledge of the size of labor, education level and the size of unemployment, and the intellectual and scientific level, and characteristics of the distribution, density of the population and census of housing, housing conditions, and knowledge of the sectors data including education and health, housing, industry , agriculture and trade.
• In short, we will obtain a census of the population, buildings, and the facility which facilitates the process of development and reconstruction and reform
• Consolidation of internal security and social stability by ensuring that things don’t roll back to the past , and most importantly the success of national reconciliation.
• Develop specific political, cultural and economic formulas by the adoption of the common interests and aspirations of the people of Mosul, the government adopts it to avoid ethnic tensions and conflicts.
• The most important things that must be taken care of is to give educational institutions the utmost importance in the reconstruction of schools, institutes and universities, and most importantly the establishment of an urgent health program for psychic treatment that requires to set up specialized psychiatric clinics , and physically for the wounded and affected, and take care of them as well as focus on hospitals and health centers and rehabilitation them again to bear the burden of the new phase.
• The application of the principle of justice inspired by the clan, and the adoption of the principle of a confession of guilt in return for compassion, and the recognition of guilt is one of the necessities of justice.
• Recognition of pluralism as a culture that contributes to the recovery from the effects of genocide war, and among the cultural formulas that have contributed to the recovery is the respect of religions and beliefs of all groups and cultural independence is one of the important ways to achieve racial harmony in pluralistic societies.
• Focus and attention of government on eradicating the effects of abhorrent sectarianism through education combating the ideology of ethnic cleansing; and strengthening educational capacities.
• The need for the state’s interest to develop the media and establish a private radio channel targeted and directed for the people of Mosul and Iraqis.
• It is not easy for people to overcome hatred, especially when it comes to the occurrence of the victims, and here we must reach the psychological or emotional balance,
• Achieve economic development and support education and fight illiteracy, and work to move forward and heal wounds but, there is an incredible sense reflected in the daily dealings, and never go back to this horror again.
• Despite the fact that some pockets are going to be liberated from the clutches of Daesh and its gangs in some parts of Iraq , such as Tal Afar and Hawija and Ana and Rawa and Qaim , but the page of the liberation of Mosul, or capital of the caliphate as it was called has been ended forever, and most importantly to make plans to deal with what has happened in women where Some of them are still missing so far , and some of them have returned to their relatives with children from the gangs of the terrorist organization whose actions and crimes exceeded what the barbarians did when they stormed Rome and the Mongols when the stormed Baghdad.
Here, we must reach the criterion of social and economic development, the relation must be positive and direct between the size of assistance which means the spending and between the economic growth achieved in the city of Mosul
Mosul, is a historical city where it includes ruins and archaeological and cultural sites of great importance, such as shrines, mosques, churches and others, and must take care of it and handle it with high sensitivity to ensure that its features are not changed and the introduction of Modern elements to it noting that the value of the cultural heritage of any people is the primary motivation to re-build it.
Shatha Khalil
Economic Unity
Rawabet Center for Research and Strategic Studies