Oil is the most important commodities required for the continued renaissance witnessed by the world, where it is the main player in power generation and therefore the working companies in the field of its extraction have an influential and important role in the amount of supply and pricing.
And seven companies operate nearly 34% of daily production of global oil, with a daily production of 30.2 million barrels, compared with 89.9 million barrels that is the size of the daily supply of oil in the world, which is close to the production of OPEC , which owns about 40% of the global supply of oil .
The most important companies operating in the field of energy and oil are:
1. Saudi Aramco company
It was established in 1933 with an output of 12.5 million barrels per day, and is the largest energy company in the world so far, and its revenues are more than a billion dollars. And the largest oil field owned by Aramco, the Ghawar, could to produce five million barrels per day, and is seeking to expand internationally through joint ventures in Asia and North America.
As of sustainable productive capacity of the company is currently 12 million barrels per day , with a total production capacity of the country ‘s 12.5 million bpd , Aramco aims to continue to invest in the project downstream (refining and petrochemicals), an important element in the diversification of the Saudi economy plans. For example, plan to sign an agreement soon with Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), the giant production of petrochemical and metals run by state on a joint project to convert the oil to chemicals, an official told reporters that, in line project , which is likely to cost about $ 30 billion with efforts to integrate the sectors of energy and the industry in the Saudi Kingdom .
Aramco is building a huge complex for the repair and construction of ships in the Ras Al-Khair on the east coast of the Kingdom, and the first part of it will be ready by 2018 and will eventually manufactures of platforms for drilling and tankers of crude . It will provide 80 thousand jobs, allowing Saudi Arabia to reduce its imports by $ 12 billion and raise the GDP to 17 billion dollars.
2. Russian Gazprom company
It was founded in 1959, the state owns most of its shares in exchange for a small percentage owned by the private sector, with an output of 9.7 million barrels per day , while total Russian sales of $ 170 billion, Gazprom is the largest producer of natural gas in Russia, and its profit exceeds 40 billion dollars annually. Because of its monopoly on shipments of gas supplied to many European countries , President Vladimir Putin was able to impose Russia ‘s influence on the region.
- National Iranian oil company
National Iranian Oil Co was founded at the beginning of the twentieth century , when Britain began in the exploration and discovery of oil in Iran through Anglo – Iran company after the arrival of the nationalists to power in Iran in 1951, but the 1953 coup brought back Western companies once again to Iran, yet the revolution Islamic in 1979 the state was returned to dominate the oil industry , which has produced 6.4 million barrels a day.
In spite of the application of international sanctions imposed on Iran to cut oil production, but it ‘s still a major producer of oil and gas.
Especially the Strait of Hormuz , which is the largest gathering place for the world ‘s oil, which Iran has threatened to close it if it is attacked . Turkey and India is purchasing Iran ‘s oil in exchange for gold, so as to avoid sanctions.
4. US ExxonMobil company
America ExxonMobil company has produced 5. 3 million barrels per day, and profits of about 40 billion dollars a year which was considered small if compared to its sales, which equals $ 400 billion.
ExxonMobil is the largest private oil company in the world, a US multinational company, based in Irving, Texas, and markets its products globally in the name of Exxon and Mobil and Esso.
5 . The PetroChina company
It as was founded in 1999 in the Chinese capital (Beijing), with an output of 4.4 million barrels per day.
The company is the largest among the three giant oil companies which are controlled by the state . And have the highest market value, currently it produces oil amounts more than Exxon Mobil. And due to the enormous estimates of the shale gas existed underground in China, the company may be able to compete Gazprom company in the future as a strong regional source of gas.
- The British BP company
The output of it amounted by 4.1 million barrels per day, it was founded in 1908 to explore for oil in Iran, Libya then it was called – Anglo-Iran Oil Company until 1945 where it carried the BP name. In 1978 , the company turned to the American character after it acquired a majority stake in the company (Standard Oil of Ohio) or SOHIO.
“BP” in the nineties took hold on the two American companies Amoco and Arco . it is British company that is the third – largest private oil company in the world after ExxonMobil and Shell noting that the company has formed the oil arm of the British government, The company has oil reserves of 18.3 billion barrels and a distribution network consisting of 28,500 fuel stations, as have 199 refinery and oil fields in the North Sea, Alaska, Russia , Algeria, Angola.
the company ‘s shares listed on the British FTSE indicator 100 for the London Stock Exchange and Bp is seeking to change the company formerly known as giant (BP – British Petroleum) for the better, through the sale of assets and the settlement of lawsuits and pledged improvements. But the company may not be able to maintain the productivity at a rate of 4.1 million barrels a day for a long time; because it might sell 50% of its stake in the Russian project (TNK – BP ), which contributes by a quarter of production.
- Royal Dutch Shell company .
It is a multinational oil company , British and Dutch origin, is the second largest private energy company in the world. Shell was founded in 1907 and is headquartered in The Hague , Netherlands, and has a central office in London , United Kingdom. The United States has 40% of its capital , with an output of 3.9 million barrels per day. Shell hopes to explore for oil this summer and begins in the Chukchi Sea in Alaska.
The company is investing heavily in the field of hydrogen technology, also it started in the direction of the renewable and clean industry and energy particularly wind and solar energy.
- Mexican Pemex company:
It started working at the beginning of the last century as it was the exploration and production of oil in Mexico was done through the American and British companies. In 1938, the Mexican government has supported the protests by oil workers and the control of one million barrels per day.
A production of the company of Pemex daily rate of 3.6 million barrels, and it produces oil from the largest oil field in Mexico, Cantarell, which its production was reduced from two million barrels per day to approximately 600 thousand currently. Pemex works owned by the state to fill this deficit by other fields.
The President of Mexico, Enrique Pena has made his main interest in the reform of the company to allow foreign investment opportunities, calling for the nationalization of the oil industry under the leadership of Mexican oil company that supplies a third of Mexico ‘s oil needs.
- Chevron Corporation
It has a daily production rate of 3.5 million barrels. It is an American multinational corporation headquartered in San Ramon, Calif., And operates in more than 180 countries around the world and is involved in every aspect of the oil and gas and industries of thermal energy, including exploration and production; refining, marketing and transportation, manufacturing and sales of chemicals. And it is currently heading towards the clean energy sector.
Chevron is considered over the last years as one of the strongest companies in the world in the field of oil, one of the largest companies in America , too. The total sales of the company in 2013 about 220 billion dollars.
- Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
An output of 3.2 million barrels per day, it was founded in 1934 by Chevron, and BP. In 1975, the Government of Kuwait nationalized the oil industry under the leadership of this company, which produces crude oil and natural gas, while the largest Kuwaiti oil field (Burgan) remain operated by Chevron. Oil fields in Kuwait has suffered greatly from the fire that caused the events in 1990.
- Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
Abu Dhabi National Oil Co has an output. 2.9 million barrels a day, and take advantage of its strategic location in Abu Dhabi in the Arab Emirates, next to the Strait of Hormuz to build a pipeline to Fujairah, to minimize any chance to block exports of crude oil by Iran.
- the Algerian company Sonatrach,
An output of 2.7 million barrels per day, and most of its production of energy is from natural gas ,in which Algeria exports much of it to Europe.
- theFrench Total company
It is one of the six largest oil companies in the world and its HQ is based in Paris. An output of 2.7 million barrels per day.
Total operates in more than 130 countries around the world with an ability to run 97 000 employee , and occupies the fifth rank among the world ‘s largest oil companies .
14.the Brazilian Petrobras company
It is a semi-governmental company engaged in the extraction, processing and transport of petroleum in Brazil and abroad. Founded in 1953, and is today one of the largest 20 companies in the world, and the government opened up the company to contribute through (National Bureau of Petroleum A n B, which has an output of 2.6 million barrels per day, the company seeks to develop the huge and very deep oil fields abroad.
- Russian Rosneft company ,
It has an output of 2.6 million barrels, which is an integrated oil company owned by the Russian government , and its main headquarter located in Moscow.
Rosneft is the sister company of Gazprom, the oil company controlled by the state.
- The Iraqi Oil Ministry
Iraqi Oil Ministry has an output of 2.3 million barrels per day and is likely that Iraq will reach the highest ranks of oil producers in the world at the start of the huge untapped fields to work. The project, which is run by the Russian Lukoil company aims to extract 13 billion barrels of oil.
- Qatar Petroleum company
Qatar Petroleum Com. has an output of 2.3 million barrels a day, the major majority of Qatar’s production is from natural gas, Qatar shares with Iran the largest natural gas field in the world, which is located under the Arabian Gulf.
- the Russian Lukoil company
It has an output of 2.2 million barrels per day, and was founded in 1991 by the former soviet deputy minister of oil, Vagit Alekperov, who still runs the company and owns about 20% of its shares, which is equal to $ 13 billion.
- Italian Eni company
An output of 2.2 million barrels per day, and the company has implemented in recent years, joint ventures with companies like Venezuelan Inc. ( Pdvsa) and the Russian company (Rosneft ).
- Norwegian Statoil company
It was founded in 2007 with an output of 2.1 million barrels a day, the Norwegian government owns 67 percent of Statoil company. The company has invested nearly $ 20 billion in the United States, including the 4.7 billion dollars earned from Brigham Exploration Project based in the Bakken area in 2011. In the month of May , Helge Lind , the executive manager has been associated in a joint project with Russia’s Rosneft company.
- ConocoPhillips Company
It is with an output of 2 million barrels per day, the ConocoPhillips has separated its own refining works this year and renamed it (Phillips ) to focus on exploration and production operations.
- Petroleos de Venezuela company
Petroleos de Venezuela has an output of 1.9 million barrels per day, the production of the company has been declined by 25% since 1998.
- China’s Sinopec company
Sinopec has an output of 1.6 million barrels per day, and has the largest oil refinery in China.
- The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation,
Nigerian National Petroleum has an output of 1.4 million barrels per day.
- Malaysian Petronas company
Petronas has an output of 1.4 million barrels per day, and set up their main headquarters in the Twin Towers Petronas. The company recently expanded outside Malaysia, which is going to get Canadian Progress Energy Project competent for gas compared to 5.4 billion dollars.
Shatha Khalil
Translated by : Mudhaffar Alkusairi
Unit Economic Studies
links Centre for Research and Strategic Studies
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